Message 185/234 From Steve Pinker Sep 28, 98 02:46:40 pm -0400 Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1998 14:46:40 -0400 (EDT) To: Michael FuchsCc: amb2c@concentric.net, elizabeth@ifact.com Subject: Problems with an evolutionary basis for religious belief Dear Michael, I hope it isn't just your kind words that led me to appreciate your note as much as I did. Your criticisms of my explanation of religious belief are well taken. I think I could defend them by combining all of my points together and adding yours -- viz., given everyone's ignorance of the workings of the world, shamans can make it difficult for others to discriminate their genuine powers from the flim-flam -- but you are correct that an appreciation of actual cause-and-effect in the world ought to have been a selection pressure that would override our susceptibility to magic and superstition, and that is a puzzle I have not satisfactorily explained away. By the way I probably did not make it clear enough in the book that I think that religion is a by-product, not an adaptation (or the "God module" as V. S. Ramachandran has posited). On pp. 525-526 I foreshadow that in the case of religion, but it was far from the discussion of religion itself, so the connection was obscure. My mechanisms 1-6 were intended as ways that religion might have fallen out as a byproduct of other parts of the mind. Thanks for your observation about the lingering, but conceivably moribund, power of religion as we come to understand the mind. It is an excellent point, and you are correct that I vaguely and absent-mindedly hinted at it in a segue, which is not a substitute for spelling it out, as you did. I think you're right and that the point may help to explain some of the fury with which evolutionary psychology, and to a lesser extent neuroscience, has been greeted in some parts -- as the title Tom Wolfe's article/speech puts it, "Your Soul Just Died." With best wishes, Steve